REVISITING GROUP WORK METHOD IN THE CONTEXT OF NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.5020Keywords:
critical thinking, group work, multinational audience, team work skills, time management skills, toleranceAbstract
The use of group work in non-formal education has been practiced for many years. Researchers mention that group work may be mutually beneficial for learners in terms of the acquired knowledge, however, group work participants might be carried away by dealing with relationships within the group. In recent years, various international projects of training courses for youth and adult educators choose learner-centred group work or workshop format instead of traditional teacher-centred lecturing style. Also, generation of millennials who are digital residents and are more accustomed to technologies and telephones than face-to-face interaction requires more detailed preparing of the activities of the group work. Young adults prefer to work with facilitators who are approachable, supportive, good communicators, and good motivators. According to the previous research results, during the work group learners develop critical thinking skills, time management skills, team work and presentation skills, tolerance and other skills. The present paper is an attempt to research the strengths and weaknesses of the group work method in non-formal education in the framework of two international project activities: Nordplus adult education project “Design thinking method for creative tackling unemployment” and international youth training of Erasmus+ project "You(th)r Culture". The conclusion gives the summary of the findings of the research, focusing on the benefits of using of the group work method for the multinational audience of adult educators and youth, as well as identifying the main differences in its implementation for the relevant audiences.
References
Boud, D. (1988). Moving towards autonomy. In Boud D. Developing student autonomy in learning. 2nd edition, London, Kogan Page.
Boud, D. (2001). Making a move to peer learning. In Boud D., Cohen R. and Sampson J. (eds.) Peer learning in higher education: learning from and with each other ( 1-20). London, Routledge.
Janmaat, J.G., & Keating, A. (2019). Are today’s youth more tolerant? Trends in tolerance among young people in Britain. Ethnicities, 19, 1, 44-65.
Fernando, A., Lopez, G., Manrique, D., & Vines, J.M. (2005). An instructional model for web-based e-learning education with a blended learning process approach. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36, 219.
Firdaus, F., Kailani, I., Bakar, N.B., & Bakry B. (2015). Developing Critical Thinking Skills of Students in Mathematics Learning. Journal of Education and Learning, 9, 3, 226-236, Retrieved from:
Fleming, I. (2011). The Time Management Pocketbook. 6th edition, Management Pocketbooks.
Fullan, M. (2001). The New Meaning of Education Change. New York: Teachers College Press.
Halverson, C.B., & Tirmizi, S.A. (2008). Effective Multicultural Teams: Theory and Practice. Springer Science: Business media B.V.
Downs, D.J. (2008). Book Review: 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, Volume 62, issue 3.
Karim, S., & Mitra, K. (2015). Time management skills impact on self-efficacy and academic performance. Journal of American Science, 7(12).
Krueger, A.R., & Casey, A.M. (2015). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. (5th ed.). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Lozano, R., Merrill, M.Y., Sammalisto K., Ceulemans K., & Lozano F.J. (2017). Connecting Competences and pedagogical Approaches for Sustainable Development in Higher Education: A Literature Review and Framework Proposal. Sustainability, 9, 1889. Retrieved from www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Marks, M.A., Zaccaro, S.J., & Mathieu, J.E. (2000). Performance Implications of Leader Briefings and Team-interaction Training for Team Adaptation to Novel Environments. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 971-986.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2018). Skill Shift. Automation and the Future of the Workforce. Retrieved from:///C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Temp/MGI-Skill-Shift-Automation-and-future-of-the-workforce-May-2018-1.pdf
Mercer, N. (2002). Developing Dialogues. In: Wells G., Claxton G. Learning for life in the 21st century: Sociocultural Perspectives on the Future of Education (141-153). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Ozola, I., & Grasmane, D. (2019). Enhancing Students' Employability Skills Through International Project IWBLabs, INTED2019 Proceedings, 9367-9374.
Popov, V., Brinkman, D., Biemans, H., J.A., Mulder, M., Kuznetsov, A., & Noroozi, O. (2012). Multicultural Student Group Work in Higher Education. An explorative case study on challenges as perceived by students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 302 – 317.
Pritchard, A., & Woollard, J. (2010). Psychology for the classroom: Constructivism and social learning. London: Routledge.
Razzouk, R., & Shute, V. (2012). What is design thinking and why is it important? Review of Educational Research, 82(3), 330-348.
Tarricone, P., & Luca, J. (2002). Successful teamwork: A case study. HERDSA.
UNESCO (1995). Declaration of principles on tolerance. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/453395954.html
Yilmaz, I., Oncalik, O., & Bektas, F. (2006). Relationship between the time management behavior and academic success. E-journal of New World Sciences Academy, 5(3).
Van Doorn, M. (2014). The nature of tolerance and the social circumstances in which it emerges. Current Sociology, 62, 6, 905-927.
Vogt, W.P. (1997). Tolerance and Education: Learning to Live with Diversity and Difference. Thousand Oaks, CA, London and New Delhi: Sage.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Žogla, I. (2001). Didaktikas teorētiskie pamati. Rīga: Raka.