PERCEIVED SCHOOL CLIMATE, PARENTAL MONITORING AND CYBERBULLYING AMONG ADOLESCENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol7.5007Keywords:
school climate, parental monitoring, parental control, cyber victims, cyberbulliesAbstract
The aim of this research was to find out the connection between the perceived school climate, parental monitoring and cyberbullying among adolescents, and whether there were differences in these variables between two adolescent age groups. It was examined how the dimensions of the perceived school climate and parental monitoring explain the adolescents’ experience of cyber victims and cyberbullies. A total of 309 Latvian students from grades 5 to 12 (200 respondents from grades 5-9 and 109 respondents from grades 10-12) participated in the research. In data collection Parental Monitoring Scale (Stattin & Kerr, 2000), Georgia School Climate Survey (La Salle, McIntosh, & Eliasson, 2016) and European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (Brighi et al., 2012) were applied. The results confirmed significant positive correlation between school climate perception, adequate parental monitoring and less cyberbullying. Also, significant differences between two age groups in perceived school climate, parental monitoring and cyberbullying indications were found. The younger group's adolescents provided more positive evaluations of school climate and parental monitoring, while the older group's adolescents reported more cyberbullying experience. The school climate dimensions Order and discipline, Character, Social support from peers together with negative aspect of parental monitoring Parental solicitation significantly predicted cyberbullying behavior in whole adolescent sample. These results create a better understanding of the variables concerning cyberbullying.
Downloads
References
Battistich, V., Schaps, E., & Wilson, N. (2004). Effects of an elementary school intervention on students' “Connectedness” to school and social adjustment during middle school. Journal of Primary Prevention, 24(3), 243–262.
Brighi, A., Ortega, R., Pyzalski, J., Scheithauer, H., Smith, P.K., Tsormpatzoudis, H., Barkoukis, V., Del Rey, R., … Thompson, J. (2012). European cyberbullying intervention project questionnaire – ECIPQ. Retrieved from bullyingandcyber.net
Cassidy, W., Brown, K., & Jackson, M. (2012). “Making kind cool”: Parents' suggestions for preventing cyber bullying and fostering cyber kindness. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 46(4), 415-436.
Cohen, J., McCabe, E. M., Michelli, N.M., & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, practice, and teacher education. Teachers College Record, 1, 180-213.
Cornell, D., Shukla, K., & Konold, T. (2015). Peer victimization and authoritative school climate: A multilevel approach. Journal of Education, 107(4), 1186-1201.
Cyber Research Center. https://cyberbullying.org/statistics
Dehue, F., Bolman, C., & Völlink, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: Youngsters' experiences and parental perception. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(2), 217-223.
Del Rey, R., Casas, A., Ortega Ruiz, R., Schulze, A., Scheithauer, H., Smith, P., Thompson, F., Barkovkis, V., Tsorbatzoudis, H., Brighi, A., Guarini, A., Pyzalski, J. & Plichta, P. (2015). Structural validation and cross-cultural robustness of the European Cyberbullying Intervention. Project Questionnaire. Computers in human behavior, 50(9), 141-147.
Flannery, D.J., Vazsonyi, A.T., Torquati, J., & Fridrich, A. (1994). Ethnic and gender differences in risk for early adolescent substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23, 195-213.
Goldstein, S.E. (2015). Parental regulation of online behavior and cyber aggression: Adolescents experiences and perspectives. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(4).
Goldweber, A., Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2013). Examining the link between bullying behaviors and perceptions of safety and belonging among secondary school students. Journal of School Psychology, 51, 469-485.
Guilamo-Ramos, V., & Jaccard, J. (2010). Parental monitoring of adolescents. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hanson, T. & Voight, A. (2014). The appropriateness of a California student and staff survey for measuring middle school climate (REL 2014—039). Washington, DC: US Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Regional Educational Laboratory West. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs/regions/west/pdf/REL_2014039.pdf
Hase, C., Goldberg, S. B., Smith, D., Stuck, A., & Campain, J. (2015). Impacts of traditional bullying and cyberbullying of the mental health of middle school and high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 52(6), 607-617.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Neither an epidemic nor a rarity. European Journal of Development Psychology, 9 (5), 539-543.
Johnson, S.L., Burke, J.G., & Gielen, A.C. (2012). Urban students’ perceptions of the school environment’s influence on school violence. Children and Schools, 34(2), 92-102.
Kowalski, R. M. & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescents Health, 4, 22-30.
La Salle, T.P., & Meyers, J.P. (2014). The Georgia Brief School Climate Inventory. Georgia Department of Education.
La Salle, T.P., McIntosh, K., & Eliason, B.M. (2016). School climate survey suite administration manual. Eugene, OR: OSEP Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports University of Oregon.
Lin, H.T. & Chen, H.J. (2016). Relationship Between Parental Internet Intervention, School Engagement, and Risky Online Behaviors Among Adolescents: The Moderation Role of Family Cohesion. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 4, 205-242.
Moos, R.H. (1987). Person-environment congruence in work, school, and health care settings. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 231-247.
National School Climate Council (2007). The School Climate Challenge: Narrowing the Gap Between School Climate Research and School Climate Policy, Practice Guidelines and Teacher Education Policy. Retrieved from http://nscc.csee.net/ or http://www.ecs.org/school-climate
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA: Mackwell
Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Long-term outcomes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program. In L. R. Huesmann (Ed.), Plenum series in social/clinical psychology. Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (p. 97–130). Plenum Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9116-7_5
Olweus, D. (2012). Comments of cyberbullying article: A rejoinder. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 559-568.
Rigby, K. (2014). How teachers address cases of bullying in schools: A comparison of five reactive approaches. Educational Psychology in Practice, 30(4), 409-419.
Saarento, S., Kärnä, A., Hodges, E.V.E., & Salmivalli, C. (2013). Student-, classroom, and school-level risk factors for victimization. Journal of School Psychology, 51(3), 421-434.
Ševčíková, A., & Šmahel, D. (2009). Online harassment and cyberbullying in the Czech Republic: Comparison across age groups. Zeitschriftfür Psychologie, 217(4), 227-229.
Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental Monitoring: A Reinterpretation. Child Development, 4, 1072-1085.
Sticca, F., & Perren, S. (2013). Is cyberbullying worse than traditional bullying? Examining the differential roles of medium, publicity, and anonymity for the perceived severity of bullying. Abstract. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 739–750.
Troop-Gordon, W., & Ladd, G. (2015). Teachers' victimization-related beliefs and Strategies: Associations with students’ aggressive behavior and peer victimization. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(1), 45-60.
Williams, K., & Guerra, N.G. (2007). Prevalence and predictors of internet bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 14-21.
Ybarra, M.L. & Mitchell, K.J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1308-1316.
