THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL BELONGING AND CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE FOR WOMEN IN FITNESS: CASE STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol3.2413Keywords:
lifestyle changes, social belonging development, women in fitnessAbstract
Fitness as a healthy lifestyle implementation helps to improve the social, mental and physical well-being components. Several scientists have indicated that there is a connection between social belonging and physical activity (PA) as the structural component of a healthy lifestyle (Walseth, 2006; Walseth & Fasting, 2004; Antonsich, 2010; Yuval-Davis, 2006; Anthias, 2006; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2001; Everard et. al., 2000). That is why the goal of the research is to develop and apply a social belonging promotion programme for women in fitness programme and to determine the changes in the lifestyle structural component health promoting PA. 10 women involved in fitness classes in small groups (2-4 people) participated in the case study, where in addition to PA social belonging promotion events were organized for all women together. In order to evaluate the structural components of social belonging and PA level and type, questionnaires adapted in Latvia and a semi-structured interview was used. Applying the social belonging promotion programme for women in fitness creates statistically significant changes in such structural components as sense of commitment (p<0.01), perception of interpersonal relations (p<0.01). By additionally promoting social belonging in fitness, women perceive the group better, are willing to spend more time with it; that, in turn, positively affects the willingness to be physically and socially active on a daily basis.References
Anthias, F. (2006). Belongings in a Globalizing and Unequal World: Rethinking Translocations. The Situated Politics of Belonging. N. Yuval-Davis et al. (Eds.). London: Sage, 17–31.
Antonsich, M. (2010). Searching for belonging – An analytical framework. Geography Compass, 4, 644–659.
Barden, R. C., Garber, J., Leiman, B., Ford, M. E., Masters, J. C. (1985). Factors governing the effective remediation of negative affect and its cognitive and behavioral consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1040–1053.
Bailey, C. H., Shawn, A., Albert, P. (2013). Physical activity: an underestimated investment in human capital? Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 10, 289– 308.
Baumeister, R. F., Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529.
Bourdieu, P. (1980). Le Capital social: notes provisoires. Actes De La Recherche En Sciences Sociales, 3, 2–3.
Carron, A., Widmeyer, W., Brawley, L. (1997). The development of instrument to assess cohesion in sport team: the group environment questionnaire. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9(1), 244–267.
Cekule, L., Kamerade, D., Murniece, D., Reinfelde, S., Urbans, I., Vazne, Z. (2006). Vispārējās veselības aptaujas ticamība un faktoru struktūra Latvijā. Teorija praksei mūsdienu sabiedrības izglītībai, 64–68.
Cosmides, L., Tooby, J. (2005). Social exchange: the evolutionary design of a neurocognitive system. The New Cognitive Neurosciences, III. M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1295–1308.
Craig, C., Marshall, A., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A., Booth, M., Ainsworth, B., Pratt, M., Ekelund U., Yngve, A., Sallis J. F., Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35, 1381–1395.
Cummins, R. (1997). Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale-Adult: Manual. School of Psychology, Deakin University-Burwood Campus. Victoria, Australia: Deakin University.
Cuprika, A., Fernate, A., Cupriks, L. (2015a). Women’s in fitness social belonging and physical activity in the context of quality of life. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference “Society, Integration, Education”, 3, 487–497.
Deci, E., Ryan, R. (1991). A motivational approach to self: integration in personality. Nebraska symposium on motivation: perspectives on motivation, 38. R. A. Dienstbier (Ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, 237–288.
Everard, K. M., Lach, H. W., Fisher, E. B., Baum, M. C. (2000). Relationship of activity and social support to the functional health of older adults. Journals of Gerontology : Series B. Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55, 208–212.
Goldberg, D. P., Hillier, V. F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9(1), 139–145.
Goodenow, C. (1993a). Classroom belonging among early adolescent students: Relationships to motivation and achievement. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 13, 21–43.
Hagerty, B. M., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K., Bouwsema, M., Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6, 172–177.
Hale, C. J., Hannum, J. W., Espelage, D. L. (2005). Social support and physical health: The importance of belonging. Journal of American College Health, 53, 276–284.
Haskell, W. L., Lee, I-M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A., Bauman, A. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(8), 1423–1434.
Hills, A., Byrne, N., Lindstrom, R., Hill, J. (2013). ‘Small changes’ to diet and physical activity behaviors for weight management. The European Journal of Obesity, 6, 228–238.
Hutson, D. (2012). Training bodies, building status: Health, physical capital, and the negotiation of difference in the U.S. Fitness Industry. [Unpublished Dissertation.]. University of Michigan.
Kaupuzs A., Larins V. (2010). Pilot test of International Physical Activity questionnaire for cultural adaptation in Latvia. Pedagogical Technologies in Socialization and Resocialization of Society, 1, 21–27.
Leary, M., Tambor, E., Terdal, S., Downs, D. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518–530.
Mammen, G., Faulkner, G. (2013). Physical activity and the prevention of depression: A systematic review of prospective studies. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(5), 649–657.
Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
McClelland, D. (1987). Human Motivation. CUP Archive.
Murray, H. (1938). Explorations in personality: A clinical and experimental study of fifty men of college age. New York: Oxford University.
Oort, F., Visser, M., Sprangers, M. (2005). An application of structural equation modeling to detect response shifts and true change in quality of life data from cancer patients undergoing invasive surgery. Quality of Life Research, 14(3), 599–609.
Personal Wellbeing Index. International Wellbeing Group. (2006). Melbourne: Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University.
Pinquart, M., Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 245–266.
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications, and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Schalock, R., Keith, K. (1993). Quality of life questionnaire. Worthington Ohio: IDS Publishers.
Schalock, R., Gardner, J., Bradley, V. (2007). Quality of life for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Application across individuals, organizations, communities, and systems. Washington: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
Shilling, C. (1991). Educating the body: Physical capital and the production of social inequalities. Sociology, 25(4), 653–672.
Šķestere, I. (2012). Pētījums par dzīves kvalitātes izvērtējuma metodēm un instrumentiem (1. daļa). Retrieved from: http://www.lkndz.lv/lv/box/files/filelists/ 1337599472-petijumsdzkvalit1.pdf
University of Toronto. (2012). Quality of Life Research Unit. Retrieved from: www.gdrc.org/uem/goldefine.html
Vahlina, T. (2012). Pētījums par dzīves kvalitātes izvērtējuma metodēm un instrumentiem. 2. daļa. Retrieved from: http://www.lkndz.lv/lv/box/files/filelists/ 1339588737-petijumsdzkvalit2.pdf
Vazne, Z. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Latvian version of the group environment questionnaire test. Sport Science Journal of Lithuanian Sport Science Council, 2(52), 12–16.
Walseth, K., Fasting, K. (2004). Sport as a means of integrating minority women. Sport in Society, 7(1), 109–129.
Walseth, K. (2006). Sport and belonging. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 41(3-4), 447–464.
WHO Regional Committee for Europe at its forty-eighth session, Copenhagen, September (1998). Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/ media/en/150.pdf
Widmeyer, W., Brawley, L., Carron, A. (1985). The Measurment of Cohesion in Sport Tekams: The Group Environmet. London: Sport Dynamics.
Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Belonging and the politics of belonging. Boundaries, Identities and Borders: Exploring the Cultural Production of Belonging. 40(3), 197– 214.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
