ROLE OF HAMSTRING MUSCLES IN KNEE JOINT STABILITY PROVIDING AND INJURY PREVENTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol3.1469Keywords:
dynamometry, hamstring muscles, knee, muscles balanceAbstract
The aim of our investigation was to determine the ratio of maximal torque values and the torques in the certain positions of range of movements (ROM) between hamstring (H) and quadriceps femoris (Q) muscles at medium and high velocity of movement in concentric (CC) and eccentric (ECC) action of hamstring muscles.
The knee muscles of 15 amateur female short and middle distance runners were tested by the dynamometer system in the isokinetic movements with the angular velocity of 90º/s and 240º/s in CC and at the velocity of 90º/s in ECC H/ CC Q muscles contractions. The torque values produced by the muscles are detected at the different angular positions of the ROM with the step of 10º. The ratios of H/ Q muscles torques are calculated.
The H/Q muscles maximal torques ratio is 0.51 ± 0.13 at the velocity of 90º/s in CC and 0.60 ± 0.09 in ECC H/ CC Q muscles contractions, and 0.59 ± 0.09 CC at the velocity of 240º/s. The H/Q maximal torques ratio and this ratio in the knee extreme extension and flexion at the ECC contraction of H is higher due to greater torques produced by the H in comparison with Q muscle. The H must be stronger to decelerate the thigh and lower leg extension in the late swing phase of running and to extend the hip in early stance phase to provide powerful sprint running and prevent the knee and H injury. The H/Q muscles torques ratio in extended knee positions are similar in medium (90º/s) and fast (240º/s) velocity of motions because CC action of H muscles cannot prevent extreme knee extension.
Downloads
References
Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E.B., Beyer, N., Larsson, B., Magnusson, P., Kjaer, M. (1997). Isokinetic muscle strength and capacity for muscular knee joint stabilization in elite sailors. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18. 521-525. PMID: 9414075.
Aagaard P., Simonsen, E.B., Magnusson, P., Larsson, B., Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (1998). A new concept for isokinetic hamstring: quadriceps muscle strength ratio. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26, 231-237. DOI 10.3233/IES-2011-0406.
Alexander, M.J.L. (1990). Peak torque values for antagonist muscle groups and concentric and eccentric contraction types for elite sprinters. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71, 334-339. PMID: 2327888.
Begalle, R.L., DiStefano, L.J., Blackburn, T., Padua D.A. (2012). Quadriceps and hamstrings coactivation during common therapeutic exercises. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(4), 396 – 405. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.01.
Behrens, M., Mau-Moeller, A., Wassermann, F., Bruhn, S. (2013). Effect of fatigue on hamstring reflex responses and posterior-anterior tibial translation in men and women. PLOS ONE, 8 (2), e56988. Downloded from: www.plosone.org
Calmels, P.M., Nellen, M., Borne van der, I., Jourdin, P, Minaire, P. (1997). Concentric and eccentric isokinetic assessment of flexor – extensor torque ratios at the hip, knee and ankle in a sample population of healthy subjects. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78, 1224–1230. PMID:9365353.
Campbell, D.E., Wayne, G. (1979). Foot–pounds of torque of the normal knee and the rehabilitated postmeniscectomy knee. Physical Therapy, 59, 418–421.
Coombs, R., Garbutt, G. (2002). Developments in the use of the hamstring/ quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1, 56-62. Downloaded from http://www.jssm.org
Francis, K., Hoobler, T. (1987). Comparison of peak torque values of the knee flexor and extensor muscle groups using Cybex II and Lido 2,0 isokinetic dynamometers. Journal of Orthopedics and Sports Physical Therapy, 8, 480–483.
Gray, H. (1918) The muscles and fasciae of the thigh. In: Anatomy of the Human Body. Downloaded from http://www.bartleby.com/107/illus434.html
Hewett, T.E., Myer, G.D., Zazulak, B.T. (2008). Hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque ratios diverge between sexes with increasing isokinetic angular velocity. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11, 452–459. DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2007.04.009.
Kannus, P., Jarvinen, M. (1990). Knee flexor/ extensor strength ratio in follow - up of acute knee distorsion injuries. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71, 38–41. PMID:2297308.
Kellis, E., Baltzopoulos, V. (1995). Isokinetic eccentric exercise. Sports Medicine, 19, 202 – 222. PMID: 7784759.
Kellis, E., Zafeiridis, A., Amiridis, I.G. (2011). Muscle coactivation before and after the impact phase of running following isokinetic fatigue. Journal of Athletic Training, 46 (1), 11 – 19. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-46.1.11.
Knapik, J.J., Bauman, C.L., Jones, B.H., Harris, J.M., Vaughan, L. (1991). Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 76-80. DOI: 10.1177/036354659101900113.
Koller, A., Sumann, G., Schobersberger, W., Hoertnagl, H., Haid, C. (2006). Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 850–852. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.028175.
Lewek, M., Rudolph, K., Axe, M., Snyder-Mackler, L. (2002). The effect of insufficient quadriceps strength on gait after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clinical Biomechanics, 17, 56–63.DOI: 10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00097-3.
Marshall, J.L., Tischler, H.M. (1978). Screening for sports: Guidelines. New York State Journal of Medicine, 78, 243–251.
Nosse, L.J. (1982). Assessment of selected reports on the strength relationship of the knee musculature. Journal of Orthopedics in Sports Physical Therapy, 4, 78-85.
Osternig, L.R. (1986). Isokinetic dynamometry: implications for muscle testing and rehabilitation. Exercises and Sport Science Review, 14, 45–80. DOI: 10.1249/00003677-198600140-00005.
Pontaga, I. (2004). Hip and knee flexors and extensors balance in dependence on the velocity of movement. Biology of Sport (Warsaw, Poland), 21, 261–272. ICID: 891846.
Pontaga, I., Larins, V. (2006). Thigh muscles functional condition of sportsmen after knee anterior cruciate ligament injury and operation. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, 60, 190–193.
Pontaga, I., Zidens, J. (2015). Fatigue resistance of thigh muscles in sport games players. In: Kalina RM (ed.) Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Health and Martial Arts in Interdisciplinary Approach, HMA (pp. 165–169), Czestochowa, Poland. Warsaw: Archives of Budo.
Whiting, W.C., Zernicke, R.F. (1998). Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal Injury. U.S.A.: Human Kinetics.
