FEATURES OF ATTRACTING HIGHLY SKILLED MIGRANTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

Authors

  • Irtaza Nawaz Department of Foreign Economic Activity, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (PK)
  • Zulaykho Kadirova Department of Foreign Economic Activity, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies (UZ)
  • Sulkhiya Gazieva Department of Foreign Economic Activity, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies (UZ)
  • Bakhtiyor Ismoyilov Department of Foreign Economic Activity, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies (UZ)
  • Murtaza Nawaz Manager Corporate Legal, Executive Training Center, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (PK)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2025vol1.8653

Keywords:

Economic Impact, Global Talent, Highly Skilled Migrants, Labor Market Integration, Migration Policies, Skilled Migration, United Kingdom, United States

Abstract

Countries are realizing the billion-dollar question regarding innovation and productivity is highly skilled migrants, fuelling the global race for the best in show. The United States and the United Kingdom have been among the top destinations for skilled migrants due to their strong economy world-class research institutions and job opportunities. The paper will be a comparative analysis and literature review of the variables that are attractive to highly skilled migrants in these countries, considering migration trends, policy environments, and economies and outcomes. This refers to using data on human mobility to determine driving forces in migration decisions of where they choose to live, such as economic opportunities, quality of life, and the policy incentives in that location. The research shows that both countries have been effective in attracting highly skilled migrants, although they face continuing obstacles—including visa constraints, credential recognition and integration challenges. The overall conclusion of the study is that the U.S. and the UK's attractiveness to global talent can be enhanced through an appropriate mix of targeted migration policies, effective integration and policy coherence. Overcoming these challenges will enable both countries to maximize the economic and social contributions of skilled migrants, facilitating ongoing growth and innovation in an ever-competitive global environment.

References

O. Oliinyk, Y. Bilan, H. Mishchuk, O. Akimov, and L. J. M. J. o. E. Vasa, "The impact of migration of highly skilled workers on the country's competitiveness and economic growth," 2021.

R. Mikac and A. Y. Wahdyudin, "The Impact of Migration on University Education," in 2nd International Indonesia Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (IICIS 2021), 2021, pp. 14-24: Atlantis Press.

S. Z. A. Kadirova & Gazieva, "INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION AND ITS FEATURES," Scientific Electronic Journal, vol. 2(2), no. XII Century: Issues of Science and Education, pp. 1-23, 2024.

G. Malmberg, "Time and space in international migration," in International migration, immobility and development: Routledge, 2021, pp. 21-48.

B. Oomen, M. Baumgärtel, S. Miellet, E. Durmus, and T. J. J. o. R. S. Sabchev, "Strategies of divergence: Local authorities, law, and discretionary spaces in migration governance," vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 3608-3628, 2021.

L. Platt, J. Polavieja, and J. J. I. M. R. Radl, "Which integration policies work? The heterogeneous impact of national institutions on immigrants’ labor market attainment in Europe," vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 344-375, 2022.

C. Gathmann and J. J. L. E. Garbers, "Citizenship and integration," vol. 82, p. 102343, 2023.

K. Fiałkowska and K. J. S. S. Matuszczyk, "Safe and fruitful? Structural vulnerabilities in the experience of seasonal migrant workers in agriculture in Germany and Poland," vol. 139, p. 105275, 2021.

O. Bakewell, "Unsettling the boundaries between forced and voluntary migration," in Handbook on the Governance and Politics of Migration: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, pp. 124-136.

M. M. C. J. E. I. Shohel, "Education in emergencies: challenges of providing education for Rohingya children living in refugee camps in Bangladesh," vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 104-126, 2022.

C. Roth, M. Wensing, A. Breckner, C. Mahler, K. Krug, and S. J. B. n. Berger, "Keeping nurses in nursing: a qualitative study of German nurses’ perceptions of push and pull factors to leave or stay in the profession," vol. 21, no. 1, p. 48, 2022.

B. Khalid, M. J. E. Urbański, and Sociology, "Approaches to understanding migration: a mult-country analysis of the push and pull migration trend," vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 242-267, 2021.

M. Morokvasic, "Woman in migration: beyond the reductionist outlook," in One way ticket: Routledge, 2022, pp. 13-32.

S. R. Gallagher, The future of university credentials: New developments at the intersection of higher education and hiring. Harvard Education Press, 2022.

D. Harwell, "A face-scanning algorithm increasingly decides whether you deserve the job," in Ethics of Data and Analytics: Auerbach Publications, 2022, pp. 206-211.

B. J. M. S. Glennon, "How do restrictions on high-skilled immigration affect offshoring? Evidence from the H-1B program," vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 907-930, 2024.

C. Boswell and E. J. G. Badenhoop, "“What isn't in the files, isn't in the world”: Understanding state ignorance of irregular migration in Germany and the United Kingdom," vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 335-352, 2021.

C. Jonczyk Sédès, T. Miedtank, and D. J. A. o. M. D. Oliver, "Suddenly I felt like a migrant: Identity and mobility threats facing European self-initiated expatriates in the United Kingdom under Brexit," vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 187-209, 2023.

M. Moslimani, C. Tamir, A. Budiman, L. Noe-Bustamante, and L. J. P. R. C. Mora, "Facts about the US Black population," vol. 18, 2024.

Z. J. L. M. P. Cepla, "Skills mix: foreign-born workers bring more than university degrees to highincome countries," 2021.

V. Barinova, S. Rochhia, S. J. R. S. P. Zemtsov, and Practice, "Attracting highly skilled migrants to the Russian regions," vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 147-173, 2022.

N. Ward and J. J. M. P. I. Batalova, "Frequently requested statistics on immigrants and immigration in the United States," vol. 14, 2023.

(2022). UK Points-Based Immigration System: Policy Statement. Government of the United Kingdom.

R. Skeldon, Globalization, skilled migration and poverty alleviation: brain drains in context. Citeseer, 2005.

B. R. Chiswick and P. W. Miller, "International migration and the economics of language," in Handbook of the economics of international migration, vol. 1: Elsevier, 2015, pp. 211-269.

M. Czaika and C. R. J. D. Parsons, "The gravity of high-skilled migration policies," vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 603-630, 2017.

C. Dustmann, & Görlach, J. S., "The economics of temporary migrations," Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 54(1), pp. 98-136, 2016.

D. Dorn and J. J. J. o. E. P. Zweimüller, "Migration and labor market integration in Europe," vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 49-76, 2021.

Z. Su, A. J. W. H. Zabilski, and T. Themes, "What is the relationship between quality of working life, work–life balance and quality of life?," vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 247-260, 2022.

M. Camilleri, D. J. I. J. o. M. Spiteri, Knowledge, and Learning, "Work-life balance, upward career mobility and further education: the case for working mothers," vol. 10, 2021.

L. J. P. Vyas and Society, "“New normal” at work in a post-COVID world: work–life balance and labor markets," vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 155-167, 2022.

H. De Wit and P. G. J. P. R. i. H. E. Altbach, "Internationalization in higher education: Global trends and recommendations for its future," vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 28-46, 2021.

O. O. Oleribe and R. A. J. P. A. M. J. de la Fuente, "Migration of highly-skilled workers: personal perspectives," vol. 41, no. 1, 2022.

M. Tani, M. J. H. o. L. Piracha, Human Resources, and P. Economics, "Migration and education," pp. 1-22, 2022.

K. Z. Abduhalimovna, "Highly Skilled Labor Migration and Its Features," Academic Journal of Digital Economics and Stability, vol. 38 No. 1 (2025), 2024.

D. Purkayastha, T. J. J. o. E. Bircan, and M. Studies, "Present but not counted: highly skilled migrant women in Belgium," vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 294-312, 2023.

C. U. Akpuokwe, N. E. Eneh, A. O. Adeniyi, and S. S. Bakare, "Migration trends and policies: a review of African and USA perspectives," International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 212-224, 2024.

M. Girgis, J. Lessard, and O. J. I. l. I.-H. C. J. Prygoda, "Immigration-Related Due Diligence in Mergers and Acquisitions: Impact on Work Visas and Permanent Immigration Processes-United States," vol. 16, p. 8185, 2023.

J. Bound, B. Braga, G. Khanna, and S. J. J. o. E. P. Turner, "The globalization of postsecondary education: The role of international students in the US higher education system," vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 163-184, 2021.

Q. Huang and J. J. H. E. Q. Jung, "Career decision‐making among Chinese doctoral engineering graduates after studying in the United States," vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 349-367, 2024.

Downloads

Published

11.06.2025

Issue

Vol. 1 (2025): Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the 16th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume 1

Section

Environment and Resources

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Irtaza Nawaz, Zulaykho Kadirova, Sulkhiya Gazieva, Bakhtiyor Ismoyilov, Murtaza Nawaz

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

[1]
I. Nawaz, Z. Kadirova, S. Gazieva, B. Ismoyilov, and M. Nawaz, “FEATURES OF ATTRACTING HIGHLY SKILLED MIGRANTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED KINGDOM”, ETR, vol. 1, pp. 399–410, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.17770/etr2025vol1.8653.