THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GREEN WORK COMMITMENT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GREEN HR PRACTICES, AI ELEMENTS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2025vol2.8578Keywords:
GHRM practices, Green Work Commitment, Environmental sustainability, Green hiring, Green training, Green compensation, sustainability, Pakistan, and UzbekistanAbstract
We examined the role that Green Work Commitment plays in the context of green HR practices, such as green hiring, green compensation, green training, AI components, and organisational sustainability. It is a quantitative research method that uses questionnaires as a data-collecting tool. The study population was the study population of employees associated with multinational corporations and essential sectors in Pakistan, such as Pakistan International Airlines, Procter & Gamble Pakistan, banks, educational institutions, and IT organisations. Likewise, key organisations such as Navoi Mining and Metallurgy Combinat JSC, POSCO International Textile, LUKOIL Uzbekistan Operating Company, Nestlé Uzbekistan, Huawei Uzbekistan, various banks, educational institutions, as well as the IT sector, collected data from Uzbekistan. In both cases, quantitative methods were used, and random and convenience sampling were used to elicit 373 responses. Descriptive statistics were performed in SPSS version 23 (mean, rates, and standard deviation), and inferential statistics in Smart PLS version 3.0. Based on these goals, 12 hypotheses were developed to investigate the relationships between green HR practices and environmental sustainability. Considering these hypotheses, ten had strong backing, while two had less strength.This study adds to the expanding body of information on Green HR practices by emphasising the mediating function of green work commitment in promoting environmental sustainability inside multinational firms in Pakistan. In this study, we outline the path for future research into the broader implications of Green HR practices for sustaining organisations across regions and industries. It would be interesting to study how green HR approaches evolve alongside AI aspects in future research, emphasising how employee engagement and organisational success are impacted by green work commitments. Furthermore, an analysis of how leadership and company culture impact green HR policies may provide more insight. To better understand how these techniques are applicable globally, a comparison can be made between emerging and developing economies.References
D. W. Renwick, T. Redman, and S. Maguire, "Green human resource management: A review and research agenda," International Journal of Management Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00328.x
C. J. C. Jabbour and F. C. A. Santos, "The central role of human resource management in the search for sustainable organizations," The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2133-2154, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802479389
G. Tang, Y. Chen, Y. Jiang, P. Paillé, and J. Jia, "Green human resource management practices: scale development and validity," Asia pacific journal of human resources, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 31-55, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12147
S. Ahmad, "Green human resource management: Policies and practices," Cogent business & management, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 1030817, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2015.1030817
D. W. Renwick, C. J. Jabbour, M. Muller-Camen, T. Redman, and A. Wilkinson, "Contemporary developments in Green (environmental) HRM scholarship," ed: Taylor & Francis, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1105844
V. Amrutha and S. Geetha, "A systematic review on green human resource management: Implications for social sustainability," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 247, p. 119131, 2020.S. Sharif, S. A. Malik, N. Arooj, and O. M. Albadry, "Human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational commitment in higher educational institution (HEI): a mediating role for work engagement," Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 2024.
S. Cheema and F. Javed, "The effects of corporate social responsibility toward green human resource management: The mediating role of sustainable environment," Cogent Business & Management, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 1310012, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1310012
D. Renwick, T. Redman, and S. Maguire, "Green HRM: A review, process model, and research agenda," University of Sheffield Management School Discussion Paper, vol. 1, pp. 1-46, 2008.
M. A. Mohamed, I. H. Mohamud, A. M. Sahal, and M. A. Farah, "A bibliometric analysis of academic trends in human resource management practice from 2000 to 2023," Cogent Business & Management, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 2427217, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2427217
T. N. Bauer and L. Aiman-Smith, "Green career choices: The influence of ecological stance on recruiting," Journal of business and psychology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 445-458, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02251780
P. Tambe, P. Cappelli, and V. Yakubovich, "Artificial intelligence in human resources management: Challenges and a path forward," California Management Review, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 15-42, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619867910
N. Y. Ansari, M. Farrukh, and A. Raza, "Green human resource management and employees pro‐environmental behaviours: Examining the underlying mechanism," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 229-238, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2044
L. Almada and R. Borges, "Sustainable competitive advantage needs green human resource practices: A framework for environmental management," Revista de Administração Contemporânea, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 424-442, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2018170345
J. Dumont, J. Shen, and X. Deng, "Effects of green HRM practices on employee workplace green behavior: The role of psychological green climate and employee green values," Human resource management, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 613-627, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21792
S. Rani and K. Mishra, "Green HRM: Practices and strategic implementation in the organizations," International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 3633-3639, 2014.
P. Agarwal, R. K. Upadhyay, Anuj, K. Ahalawat, R. Kukreti, and A. Akhtar, "Environmental performance in higher education and green HRM: the mediating role of organisational citizenship behaviour," International Journal of Management Practice, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 713-734, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMP.2024.142041
V. Vasilev, "Sustainable Development Policies in Organizations through the Application of Green Human Resource Management Policies," Sustainable Development, vol. 3, no. 04, 2023.
A. Haakenstad et al., "Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019," The Lancet, vol. 399, no. 10341, pp. 2129-2154, 2022.
M. Aboramadan, Y. M. Kundi, and A. Becker, "Green human resource management in nonprofit organizations: Effects on employee green behavior and the role of perceived green organizational support," Personnel Review, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1788-1806, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2021-0078
B. F. Daily, J. W. Bishop, and N. Govindarajulu, "A conceptual model for organizational citizenship behavior directed toward the environment," Business & Society, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 243-256, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650308315439
A. A. Arulrajah and H. Opatha, "Analytical and theoretical perspectives on green human resource management: A simplified underpinning," 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n12p153
C. J. C. Jabbour et al., "Who is in charge? A review and a research agenda on the ‘human side’of the circular economy," Journal of cleaner production, vol. 222, pp. 793-801, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.038
N. Khan, A. Malik, and A. Khan, "Human resource analytics: A novel approach to bridge the gap between human resource functions and organizational performance," International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, vol. 9, no. 2, 2024.
Y. Yuan, S. Ren, G. Tang, H. Ji, F. L. Cooke, and Z. Wang, "How green human resource management affects employee voluntary workplace green behaviour: An integrated model," Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 91-121, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12510
D. B. Zoogah, "The dynamics of Green HRM behaviors: A cognitive social information processing approach," German Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 117-139, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/239700221102500204
M. R. Ali, M. F. Akram, T. A. Urkinbayev, S. K. Tashtayeva, and G. T. Aripdjanov, "The Pathways to Achieve Green Economy and The Process of Sustainable Development Goals," SGS-Engineering & Sciences, vol. 2, no. 02, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5220/0012979700003882
N. T. Pham, H. T. Hoang, and Q. P. T. Phan, "Green human resource management: a comprehensive review and future research agenda," International Journal of Manpower, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 845-878, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2019-0350
Y. J. Kim, W. G. Kim, H.-M. Choi, and K. Phetvaroon, "The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees’ eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance," International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 76, pp. 83-93, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
B. B. Saeed, B. Afsar, S. Hafeez, I. Khan, M. Tahir, and M. A. Afridi, "Promoting employee's proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 424-438, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1694
D. I. Nawaz and D. M. K. Vokhidova, "Unlocking Organizational Excellence: The Impact of Training, Technology Adoption, Employee Engagement, and Leadership Support on Performance," International Journal of Intellectual Cultural Heritage, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 104-121, 02/13 2025.
R. Gholami, A. B. Sulaiman, T. Ramayah, and A. Molla, "Senior managers’ perception on green information systems (IS) adoption and environmental performance: Results from a field survey," Information & management, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 431-438, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.01.004
J. E. John and S. Pramila, "Integrating AI Tools into HRM to Promote Green HRM Practices," in International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies, 2023, pp. 249-259: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9489-2_22
V. Gupta and M. Arora, "Green human resource management and its sustainable organizational practices in hospitality industry in India," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, pp. 1-23, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02207-1
S. Ogbeibu et al., "Demystifying the roles of organisational smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics and algorithms capability: A strategy for green human resource management and environmental sustainability," Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 369-388, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3495
M. Z. Shah and T. Ali, "Impact of marketing expenditures on sales of leading multinational & local pharmaceutical industries in Pakistan: A comparative study," Journal of Marketing and Management, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 18-32, 2023.
P. Shanthi, K. Prakash, R. Arun, C. Nirmala, M. Kousalya, and K. Sivaperumal, "Green HRM Practices and the Factors Forcing it: A Study on Health Care Entities in Chennai," International Journal of Professional Business Review: Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev., vol. 8, no. 9, p. 25, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i9.3773
T. A. Norton, H. Zacher, S. L. Parker, and N. M. Ashkanasy, "Bridging the gap between green behavioral intentions and employee green behavior: The role of green psychological climate," Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 996-1015, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2178
P. Paillé, Y. Chen, O. Boiral, and J. Jin, "The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study," Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 451-466, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1732-0
J. L. Robertson and J. Barling, "Greening organizations through leaders' influence on employees' pro‐environmental behaviors," Journal of organizational behavior, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 176-194, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1820
M. R. Ali and S. M. J. Iqbal, "Examining the mediating influence of green behavior on the impact of green HR practices on environmental sustainability," iRASD Journal of Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 479-494, 2022.
M. Ali, Z. Kadirova, and B. Ismoyilov, "Practicing Green HRM to Achieve Environmental Sustainability," in ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2024, vol. 1, pp. 24-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol1.7961
R. Bougie and U. Sekaran, Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons, 2019.
J. F. Hair Jr, M. Sarstedt, L. Hopkins, and V. G. Kuppelwieser, "Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research," European Business Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 106-121, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
J. F. Hair et al., "Executing and interpreting applications of PLS-SEM: Updates for family business researchers," Journal of Family Business Strategy, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 100392, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2020.100392
J. Hair and A. Alamer, "Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example," Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 100027, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
A. J. Gong, M. L. Bolsegui, E. E. Lee, S. C. Mathai, and C. R. Weiss, "Assessing the psychometric validity of the epistaxis severity score: internal consistency and test–retest reliability," American journal of rhinology & allergy, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 38-46, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924231207137
D. Alarcón, J. A. Sánchez, and U. De Olavide, "Assessing convergent and discriminant validity in the ADHD-R IV rating scale: User-written commands for Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Composite Reliability (CR), and Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT)," in Spanish STATA meeting, 2015, vol. 39, pp. 1-39.
M. Shevlin and J. N. Miles, "Effects of sample size, model specification and factor loadings on the GFI in confirmatory factor analysis," Personality and Individual differences, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 85-90, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00055-5
D. Hooper, "Exploratory factor analysis," 2012.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ali, Liga Peiseniece, Elina Mikelsone
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
