Functionalized Bark for Recycled Polypropylene-Based Composites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.836Keywords:
Composite, Epoxyamination, Modified bark, Secondary polypropyleneAbstract
A new method for the modification of the bark surface using N,N-diethyl-2,3-epoxypropylamine (DEEPA) was developed. As a result, the part of the bark phenolic hydroxyl groups were replaced with amine groups. The conditions of the modification were found, and the modified products were analysed. The different amount of the introduced amino groups in hardwood and softwood bark was gained by the various contents of lignin in the wood species. The recycled propylene-based composites filled with the modified bark were characterised by higher mechanical parameters in comparison with the composites filled with unmodified bark. The differences in the mechanical properties of the polymer composites filled with softwood - pine (Pinus sylvestris) bark and hardwood - grey alder (Alnus incana) bark has been established.Downloads
References
Fengel D., Weneger G. Wood – Chemistry, Utrastructure, Reactions. Germany: Verlag Kessel, 2003, 613. pp.
Bledzki A.I., Letman M., Shapovalov V.M., Tavroginskaya M.G. Physico-mechanical and technological characteristics of polypropylene and wood-based composites, In: The 5th Global Wood and Natural Fibre Composites Symposium, Kassel, Germany, 2004, pp. 25.1-25.5.
Shulga G., Neiberte B., Verovkins A., Laka M., Chernyavskaya S., Shapovalov V., Valenkov A., Tavroginskaya M. The new polymer composites integrating modified wood originated products. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Italic-5, Science and Technology of Biomass, Advances and Challenges, Varenna, Italy, September 1-4, 2009. pp. 185-188.
Wiest E.G., Balon W.J. Reaction of unsulfonated lignin, formaldehyde and secondary amines and product. U.S. Patent 2,709,696, 1955.
Mikawa H., Sato K., Takasaki C., Ebisawa K. Studies on the cooking mechanism of wood. XV. Mannich reaction on lignin model compounds and the estimation of the amount of the simple guaiacyl nucleus in thiolignin. Bull. Chem. Soc. 29, 1956, pp. 259-265.
Falkehag S.I., Diling P. Process for producing cationic lignin amines. U.S. Patent 3,718,639, 1973.
Zakis G., Neiberte B. Amino derivatives of lignins. 3. Reaction of lignins with diethylepoxypropylamine. Latvian Journal of Chemistry, 4, 2000, pp. 89-96.
Verovkins A., Neiberte B., Sable I., Zakis G., Shulga G. Chemical composition of Latvian characteristic wood species bark. Latvian Journal of Chemistry, 2, 2008, pp. 195-201.
Zakis G., Neiberte B., Verovkins A., Smogol V. Amino derivatives of lignin. 4. Amination of lignin in composition of lignocellulose complex – obtaining of bile acid sorbent. Latvian Journal of Chemistry, 3, 2006, pp. 287-291.
Sarkanen K.V., Ludwig C. Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure and reactions. New York: Eds. H. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1971, 916. pp.
Rowell R.M. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and WoodComposites. Madison, USA: Taylor & Francis, 2005, 473. pp.
